Journal: ACS Omega
Article Title: Cold Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Responses in Oral Soft Tissue through Redox-Driven Mitochondrial Regulation
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11346
Figure Lengend Snippet: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) restores mitochondrial function in LPS-stimulated HGF-1 cells. (A) CAP maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, evaluated via TMRM staining, in inflammatory conditions. 200× magnification. The scale bar is 50 μm. (B) CAP reduced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels, as evidenced by MitoSOX Red fluorescence. The original magnification was 200×, and the scale bar was 50 μm. (C) Quantification of ATP production showed that CAP treatment (30 s) markedly increased cellular ATP levels compared with the LPS-only group and even exceeded those of the untreated control. (D) Immunofluorescence staining of HSP60 showed that the shape and content of mitochondria improved after CAP exposure. (E) An analysis of mRNA expression showed that CAP increased the levels of PGC-1α, Nrf-1, and TFAM. (F) Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulated expression of PGC-1α, Nrf-1, and TFAM proteins in LPS-stimulated HGF-1 cells following CAP treatment. Values are shown as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was considered at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 when compared with the control group.
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against NF-κB p65 (8242S), phospho-NF-κB p65 (3033S), PGC-1α (2178S), TFAM (8076S), and HSP60 (12165) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), while β-actin (ab8224) and collagen type I (ab34710) were from Abcam (Cambridge, U.K.).
Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Staining, Fluorescence, Control, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Western Blot